Saturday, November 30, 2019

The daughters of Edward Boit Essay Example For Students

The daughters of Edward Boit Essay Brazilian Sweet 15 Birthday PartyQuinceanera, which is Spanish for Sweet 15, is a very popular celebration in the Spanish community. This is a very special day to both the mother and the daughter. This day signifies the transformation from a little girl to a young lady. It is a way of introducing a new woman to society. Turning 15 is the most important birthday for Spanish communities. Quinceaneras tend to be a big and elegant celebration in which every family member and friends collaborate to give the birthday girl the best party she has ever had. To my understanding every Sweet 15 was celebrated the same in every Spanish country. But after attending my friends Brazilian Sweet 15 my opinion has changed for the better. My friend Stephane Rene and I were invited to a Sweet 15 a couple weeks ago. The birthday girl was related to one of our friend, Kim. At first, I did not even think of using this event to write my paper because I thought that I knew what a Sweet 15 was all about. I was primarily going to focus on the Brazilian culture because even though my friend is Brazilian I had never had the opportunity to share an event with Brazilians being the dominant group. But soon after the ceremony got started I found myself surprised and amused of what was in front of me. First, there is ceremony before the reception which is held at a church. The family is catholic therefore the ceremony was held at the catholic church of the town. After everybody was sitting down, Jennily walked down the aisle toward the front of the church. Here, the priest was waiting to give her the appropriated blessings. She was wearing a long gorgeous pink silky dress which represented her new status as a young woman. Jennily was also wearing soft pink slippers which she would change later into a more elaborate one. I was familiar with the ceremony at the church before the party because it is a way of blessing her and to appreciate her day of celebration which simultaneously represents her r ebirth as a woman. But I did not hesitate to ask one of the family members, what did it signify to them to be blessed by the priest the day of her birthday? To my surprise, thru their blessings they also pray for her future and her new start. Once the priest was done, her aunt and uncle stood up and recall her first fifteen years of life in a very sentimental and biographical speech. Throughout the speech they kept referring back to how fulfilled and thankful they are of her excitants. Following the speech, Jennily walked out and besides her were her 15 of her closest friends. There were fifteen friends, 7 boys and 7 girls and one male companion for the Quincenera adding up to 16. This was very interesting to me because in my culture the birthday girl gets to have 15 girls and 15 boys to escort her. According to Bruno, Jennilys cousin, this represents every year she was born plus one more year for good luck. After leaving the church the families proceed to go outside the church to c apture on film every moment of this one in a lifetime event. The Sweet 15 girl, Jennily, took pictures with everybody, this is a very important day and most be remember even by those who did not attend. While this is happening other relatives and friends leave to where the reception will be held so they can be there before the birthday girl arrived. The photo shoot also gives time for people to settle down at the location and to prepare Jennilys big entrance. When we arrived at the reception, almost everybody was already there. Everybody was well dressed, women were wearing long dresses and the men were wearing suit and tie. Everybody was behaving in a very calm and friendly matter. As I looked around to get familiar with the place and the people, I noticed the table of food. Of course food is one of the main things to Spanish people. The table was completed with the most delightful and most well-known Spanish dishes such as salad, lasagna, platanos (plantains), sopa de pollo (homem ade chicken soup), pernil (smoked pork), empanadas, and rice with beans, corn, and meat. As I was sitting down, the Disc Jockey stated playing music and everybody stood up applauding. The Disc Jockey introduced Jennily and all 15 of her friends. As the birthday girl made her entrance, her escorts also known as Damas y Caballeros, where around the chair that was made especially for her. She was greeted by her mother and father whom both looked thrill. After everybody sits back down, the Damas y Caballeros proceed to do the usual dance and it ends with the traditional dance of the Quincenera and her father. After the dance with the dad and daughter is over, the mother made a toast to congratulate her daughter for making her the proudest mom alive. Then, they moved on to the second part which was the changing of the shoes. Her father changed her slippers to dress shoes. According to one of the people that I interviewed, Bruno, said that the replacement of the shoes symbolizes the steps for a new beginning and her new status a woman and not a little girl. Bruno is Jennilys uncle that moved to the Unite States about five years ago. It was a little hard for me to communicate with people at this party because of the language. Luckily I became friends with Bruno and his wife. They guide me through the entire event and explain why everything was the way it was. Furthermore, something that was very new to me was the fact that after exchanging the shoes her aunt applied make-up on her which for the Brazilian culture symbolizes the adult that she is now becoming. The second person that I interview was the birthday girl. I asked her how she felt about the party, decorations and guest. She told me she was so thrill her parents were able to celebrate her dream birthday. She also told me that she was a little embarrassed at the beginning but soon realized that every woman goes through this moment in her life. Also, she was very grateful to be fortunate enough to have all of h er relatives and friends there with her. Jennilys Sweet 15 party was the most well-coordinate and elegant party that I have ever been too. Nothing at this party was by accident. From the make-up, the food, the dress, ceremony, toast, to the dance, everything symbolized their tradition and meant something culturally. Once I got past the language difference, I enjoyed the party to the fullest. At first, they were all looking at me as the out-group, the person that did not share the same background as them. I myself felt a little uncomfortable because I did not know exactly how to act or what to say. I was used to having merengue, salsa all night long. But they had their own Brazilian music and it was arranged from slow to the most upbeat and fast music. At the end of the party, no only did I learn how to dance to Brazilian music but I learned a little Portuguese as well. After having learned the different theories in which human behavior are based, the culture shock was not as severe. The theoretical framework that best interprets this event is interpretive anthropology. This theory says that human behavior tracks from the way people perceive and classify the world around them. I experience this first hand in the five hours that I spent with Jennilys family. As soon as I arrived to the party I placed some unconscious stereotypes to the way I thought they were going to behave. Even though, they proved me wrong in my conscious they were still doing what I expected them to do. On the other hand, I realized that I was not the only one that was placing this rules as to what I expected them to be like. They themselves have these norms that have been placed by their own culture that they followed. For example, everybody was expected to be dress extremely elegant and act a certain way. If done otherwise, they would be rudely criticized by members of the same group. Actually, they would be more penalized by they own people than an outsider because it would make no differ ence for me to see someone of their group acting a particular way. In actuality, it would be hard for me to notice that there is something a little odd. Regardless of the difference of culture, language and customs, I learned so much about the Brazilian culture in the United States. For example, they have huge families like Dominicans and they stay together as a community one hundred percent. In addition, I myself might incorporate some of their traditions onto mine, maybe not for myself but for my cousins and even for my future daughter. I like they way in which everything was very detailed and organized. Also, I liked how everything had a meaning and a reason for being there. This party has motivated me to go out there and explore all the different cultures that exist in the society that I live in. This event has also taught me a lesson about life, in order for us to find ourselves we need to identify with our ancestors and continue our traditions. There is nothing more pretty tha n being able to bring our beliefs and customs with us. 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Monday, November 25, 2019

Recipe for murder literary analysis Essay Example

Recipe for murder literary analysis Essay Example Recipe for murder literary analysis Essay Recipe for murder literary analysis Essay The text presents a blend Of a detective Story, as it deals with murdering, and a story of characters, as it depicts meaningful characters (the typical clever and restrained police inspector and la femme fatal). To my mind, Recipe for murder embraces the principal theme of the criminal investigation and the theme of men-women relationship. The rival theme is mastery of murdering, by-themes are the spouses relationship and French cuisine. The text touches upon eternal concepts of collisions between harassers, flirt, men-women relations and love-hate relationship. Compositionally the text falls into 3 logical parts. In the exposition, the narrator sets the action in the define time: in the middle of the 20th century. The author directly points at the dates (deceased January 1939/ deceased May 1946). We can judge about the place by the names of the characters (Madame Callahan, Lucrative, Jean-Marie Villagers, etc), the titles Madame, Monsieur, the names of dishes and drinks (diminuendos Force ax Maroons, Omelet en Surprise a la Nonpolitical, Outbound etc), the name of the town (Avalanche) and eventually, by the phrase, where the character directly points at her citizenship: Murderess I may be, Inspector, but also a French woman. In the second part of the story Madame Callahan narrates about her background and in the third we can meet the charming and promising denouement of the story. The general atmosphere is strain, provocative, gripping and mistrustful. The author introduces to us a place of murdering, which, nevertheless, looks like a dream place: Guilt, clamorous with flowers, the cobalt blue of the Mediterranean twinkling outside the tall endows of the salon where they sat, Through the open window a vagrant whiff of air brought him the scent of her. Or was it the scent of the garden? These theatrical descriptions, full of epithets which brighten up the scene of action, make an antithesis with the story and create a quite ambivalent atmosphere. There are two main characters in the story: Madame Callahan, in her forties, a rich widow, who lost her husbands, and Inspector Minor, about 44, from the Paris police. Thus, we can imagine the hunter-prey relationship, but we cant be sure, which one of them is the hunter. It is a little action story, s the plot is centered round one event -? murdering. It is chronological, because all the events are presented in their logical order. Inspector Minor pays a visit to Madame Callahan, who is suspected of murdering her two husbands, to reveal her. During the conversation Madame Callahan confesses to having committed the crime. Charmed by her wisdom and finesse beauty, Inspector invites her to the casino. The climax lies in the episode, where the emotional strain reaches the peak: I forced them to gorge to bursting, sleep, gorge again; and drink too much wine that they might gorge still more. How could they, at their ages, live -? even as long as they did? A silence like the ticking of a far-off clock. Inspector Minor stood up, so abruptly that she started, whirled. She was paler. You will come with me to Nice this evening, Madame Callahan. It is followed by the surprising and unpredictable denouement, where the author gives us grounds for suspense: To the police station, Inspector Minor? To the Casino, Madame Callahan. For champagne and music. We shall talk some more. The ending is half-opened and needless to say, the writer gained by ending the story where he does. The story is narrated from the third person. The story is filtered and reflected through the prism of his mind and eye, we can easily trace where his sympathy lies with the help of his interpretations, suggests, judges. In addition, we plunge in thoughts and reasoning of the inspector and see Madame Callahan through his eyes. It provides our taking into the story, feeling ourselves as the characters. There is one main conflict in the story: between the inspector and Madame Callahan. Major characters are masterly depicted with different methods of presenting. Madame Callahan, at forty, fitted no à ©tagà ¨re of murderers; she was neither Cleopatra nor blamed with the litotes in this sentence the author reflects inspectors embracement and apprehension. He doesnt know what to expect, therefore he sizes her up very guardedly. With the help of the allusion the author helps us to form the opinion of this woman. Then he uses the antinomian and the allusion A Minerva of a woman to hint us about her wisdom. Indeed, she is wise, she is cool-blooded, she is prudent She attacks first to become the master of the situation. It is obvious in her phrases with the epithets: With a tiny smile now: You have called about my poisoning of my husbands, she stated flatly. Madame! Again he hesitated, nonplussed. Madame, You must already have visited the Prefecture. All Avalanche believes it, she said placidly. In addition to it, her self-confidence is proved in her words about her fellow-countrymen and other inspectors who suspect her in murdering quite depreciatingly. It is well-reflected with the metonymy: All Avalanche believes it. Her manner to speak (flatly, placidly, her tone, just short of caressing) reflects her good breeding and noble background. For he space of the story we come across inspector Morons jerky, but careful glances at her: Whose large, liquid eyes were but a shade lighter than the cobalt blue of the Mediterranean. She raised the small glass to her full Madame Callahan went to the window, let her soft profile, the grand line of her bosom be silhouetted against the blue water. The bosom swelled with her long breath. To my mind, this method of describing her appearance is the perfect way to combine both stepwise made impression of Madame Callahan and inspector Morons charming and confusing near this gorgeous woman. She flirts with the inspector in a very refined and s killful way. Her statements with litotes: l refuse the attitude of the man, not the law. She raised the small glass to her full lips. L shall not refuse you, Inspector Minor. Her eyes were almost admiring and descriptions with the epithets just prove it. Returning to inspectors glances, we can notice that Madame Callahan can definitely sell herself in the most benefit way. There is no denying, she enchanted and defeated the inspector. Speaking about her actions, We can make a conclusion that she is an eccentric and strong-willed person. Her confession of murdering and trying to argue her crime let us make a conclusion, that she counts herself as a sort of a judge or even an avenger. She believes that she has a right to kill somebody disgusting for the common good: M. Wiser, I learned within a fortnight, was a pig a pig of insatiable appetites. A crude man, inspector; a belcher,14 a braggart, cheater of the poor, deceiver of the innocent A gobbler of food, an untidy man of unappealing habits. Murderess I may be, Inspector, but also a French woman. So I decided without remorse that Callahan should die, as Wiser died. Her first cue is full of emotionally colored words and epithets to highlight her hatred and irritation towards her ex-husbands. The author used the metaphor and the hidden simile in the statement M. Wiser was a pig for the same purpose. The antithesis reflects her confidence in being right. Thus, the description of her husbands, full of metaphors, epithets, climax reflects her erudition and sophistication. These stylistic devices also reflect her effort to acquit herself, because despite being self-confident and self-restrained she worries about inspectors judgment and decision. Her reaction, described with emotionally colored words, betrays her true feelings: Inspector Minor stood up, so abruptly that she started, whirled. She was paler. In spite of everything, I feel sympathy for her wisdom, resolute, contradictory and strong-willed nature. I do not presume to judge her as Im charmed by her exactly like the inspector. Another reason for it is that she possesses the character traits that I evaluate in every person. This woman-enigma, a very much woman definitely is a brilliant character, one Of the most impressive and flawless that Ive ever read bout. The second main character, inspector Minor, is a bachelor of forty- four, not too bad to look at, he has been told. . We have no direct descriptions of his appearance as the author focuses on the Madame Callahan. Owing to such obscuration of him, we can feel at his place and see the situation inside-out. His occupation type is the true detective: smart, reserved, attentive, intent and prudent. Let me prove it with the quotes: It was neat. Too neat? A dangerous woman. A consumedly dangerous woman. the repetition, rhetorical question and the climax here points out his incarceration and professionalism. It also reflects the density between the characters. The way he speaks characterizes him as an attentive, unflinching, self-confident man (he said forcefully/ regarded her closely). These traits are also typical for the people of this profession. His vigilance and watchfulness, appropriate for the true detective, are also shown it the way how he resists Madame Salons enticement in the beginning: You are most flattering. In the scene when Madame Callahan, suspected in the poisoning, offers him vine, the author demonstrates us this character showing overstraining and losing intro for a moment with the help of the epithets: His reflex of hesitation lit a dim glow Of amusement in her eyes, which her manners prevented from straying to her lips. Thank you. Annoyed with himself, he spoke forcefully. Madame! Again he hesitated, nonplussed. Madame, I He adjusted his composure to an official calm. But soon after he comes to himself. It makes the reader think that the inspector is a bit sensitive man, because its easy to unsettle him. At the same time, we can say that he is a strong-willed person, as he is able to take control over the situation. The features mentioned be fore and another example vivified with litotes, hyperbole and metaphor of Madame Salons husbands: l am not a great catch, but still, not one to be despised : l wish to die. Let us make a conclusion, that he is as well-educated and finesse as Madame Callahan. Thus, we can say that they are really match each other and see how the author conveys his idea about men-women relationship. Ellipsis in his statements (To the Casino,20 Madame Callahan. For champagne and music. We shall talk some more. Listen to me, Madame. I am a bachelor. Of forty- four. Not too bad to look at, I have been told. Have a sum put away. ) not only fleet his excitement, but also characterize him as a man of action.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Borders And Boundaries Women In Indias Partition History Essay

Borders And Boundaries Women In Indias Partition History Essay There has been immense regional conflict in the regions of India and Pakistan which has affected the population over time in a great way. One of the many events includes the Women’s partition in August of 1947. The concurrent independence of a secular India and creation of the Islamic state of Pakistan created an outbreak of violence along the border areas as Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims fled towards either Pakistan or India. In the process, more than eight million people abandoned their homes and nearly one million died.  Women  were widowed, abducted and murdered. The Novel Borders and boundaries: Women in India’s partition written by Menon,R. and Bhasin, K does an excellent job in describing the events that occurred by showing the perspective of two groups of women. In order to better understand the struggle faced by the women in India during the partition it is first best to understand the historical context of the region and the cause of the partition. The partit ion of India is considered to be on of the greatest tragedies in history. The partition resulted in the division of both the Hindus and the Muslims who had resided together for hundreds of years. This led to immense territorial conflict such as boundary disputes, three wars between both India and Pakistan, a nuclear arms race, and cross border terrorism. Ever since the partition of the Indian subcontinent by the British in 1947, India and Pakistan have been bitter rivals and the Kashmir conflict remains unresolved. During five decades, they have fought four wars. Three of those wars were over the disputed region of Kashmir (including the region of Jammu), which is divided by the â€Å"Line of Control†. â€Å"In 1947-1948, almost immediately after Independence, they fought a long and intense battle over the formerly independent state if Jammu and Kashmir; in 1965 they fought another war over the same piece of land; in 1971 the two engaged during the civil war that severed Eas t Pakistan into the budding state of Bangladesh; and in 1999 they fought once more in the mountains of Kashmir (Trehan209). In addition to these actual wars, twice during the past fifty years the two countries have endured crises that brought them close to war† (Ganguly 2). The effect of the partition was deep rooted and raised many questions and issues. One of the most significant issues was the issue of refugees which resulted in the most painful way for both Pakistan and India. The city of Delhi received the most number of refugees and overall 35000 refugees landed up in the northern parts of India including areas such as Panipat and Kuruhkshetra which were used in camps. Workers who were involved in the recovery programmes. Thousands of women, both Hindu and Muslim, were abducted by men of the other community during the communal riots is common knowledge. That the states of India and Pakistan intervened to recovery total of over 30,000 abducted women from each otherâ€℠¢s territories until 1957 by virtue of the Inter-Dominion Agreement of 1947, and later the Abducted Persons Recovery and Restoration Act 1949, is less well-known. Why these states did so, and what this experience meant for the recovered women, has not been subject to historical analysis until recently. This collective amnesia is no coincidence. It has its roots in the Thus the partition of India, is looked upon as one the most devastating events in both India and Pakistan. The partition affected both the physical location and the psychology of the people. The partition affected the population as a whole in an immense way but it particularly affected women of the specific region. The novel Borders and Boundaries: Women in India’s partition sets up a great framework to describe the brutality and struggle endured by women of this time.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Since ethics and profit are actually not related, what reasons are Essay

Since ethics and profit are actually not related, what reasons are there to apply ethical standards to business at all - Essay Example First of all, it ensures that the company survives in the long term as it increases profitability and sustainability. However, the common consensus, most of the time, is that profit and ethics are opposed to one another, and hence, if a company is ethical, it cannot think about profits. In addition, many believe that in order for a company to be profitable, it should necessarily be unethical. In other words, this school of thought gives legitimacy for businesses to be totally unethical to make profits. There are instances in the history that make people believe that ethics and business are totally opposite entities. A perfect example is the Ford Pinto of Ford Motors. In 1978, three people died as the gas tank of the Pinto they drove exploded as it was hit in the rear. It was proved that the company knew that placing the tank in the rear end was vulnerable. However, the expenditure involved in changing the gas tank was $ 11 per car; an amount that is considerably less than the amount the company would have to pay in compensation for the few people who die as a result of explosion. So, the company decided not to change the position of the gas tank. In addition, law declared the company not responsible for the deaths. This incident clearly reveals how company can aim at profit totally neglecting what is ethical. In addition, such incidents generate the opinion that profit and ethics are alien to each other. ... Thus, the first and foremost ethical obligation for a company is to make profits for its stakeholders. In other words, its ethical duty is to meet the expectations of its stakeholders including employees and creditors. In addition, only a profitable company can fulfil its social responsibilities and welfare commitments. Though it is very evident that making profit is in no way against profitability, as Bandyopadhyay points out, there certainly are ethical questions about the methods adopted to make profit, and also about the amount of profit being made. A look into the business world proves that there are many large organizations that have successfully adopted ethical practices according to socially accepted norms. A look into World’s Most Ethical Companies Rank list helps learn how these companies turned ethical; according to this, UPS, one among them, reveals that ethics is the company’s business strategy (World’s Most Ethical Companies Ranking 2008). They clai m that being a good corporate citizen is an important element that keeps the company successful. The company that has operations in more than 200 countries does have an ethics program that meets international demands. The company has written ethics policies and a culture that reinforces the written policies. Another company that deserves attention at this stage is Google. Within 10 years of its establishment, the company is into a number of programs aimed at reducing its environmental impacts. As a part of this step, the company addresses challenging issues like climate change, poverty, disasters and disease. In addition, the company encourages its employees to participate in such initiatives. In addition, there are many companies like Xerox,

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

EasyJet A No Frills Airline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EasyJet A No Frills Airline - Assignment Example Business level strategy means the vital decisions which are implemented by the company for a long period of time. It affects the business operational activities. These strategies help the company to gain competitive advantages in the market. Companies can focus on individual customers by implementing this strategy (Assael, 2005). EasyJet low cost business process provides many competitive advantages to the business. â€Å"No frills† strategy helps this airline company to earn a good amount of profit from its business. It attracts a large number of passengers, who contributes a lot in business growth of the company. A model of competitive advantage will show a clearer picture. The diagram below shows resources coupled with capabilities and competencies will lead to cost advantage which in turn paves the path of value creation. The competitive strategy used by EasyJet contributes a lot in its growth and success of the company. By this strategy the firm improves its performance and makes its performance better than its competitors. It helps the company to earn more profit. This competitive strategy of the firm creates high economic value which beats its competitors (Assael, 2005). EasyJet low cost strategy offer low fares service to its customer. In its generic strategy the company follows cost leadership process (Assael, 2005). The company believes in the thing that it can make money flying its aircraft three times a day by maintaining low cost (Baker and Hart, 2008). For this reason the firm operates its flight service approximately in 600 routes covering 30 countries. It operates its business in a limited market space. This competitive strategy contributes a lot in developing its business position in the market. EasyJet operates its business in a large scale. This helps the company to lower its business cost for economies of scale. The firm has expanded its market for globalizing its business operation. Its primary

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Political parties Essay Example for Free

Political parties Essay In most political environment of the world, the issue of attracting increased voters is critical to the development of any political party. Most party candidates run progressive and aggressive political campaign in other to win more voters. Political parties around the world device various means of increasing their chances of winning elections. A very good example is the just concluded United State presidential election. The country’s parties in one way or the other influence the election results through their various campaigns. There will be a comprehensive discussion on this matter in this write up. According to Micah Sifry, who argued that voter turnout would increase if party candidates run progressive and populist campaigns. In some cases, this could work and in practice, progressive and populist campaigns do determine the increased turnout of voters, but most times this may not be. What will determine this may be the assurance on the part of the political aspirant that went they are elected, the economic goals would be achieved. In essence, political party’s primary obligation has significant effect on the voter’s turnout that could be necessary in future election. In future, political parties may continue to use these campaign strategies. However, there maybe a major change in the way this is conducted. Political parties will develop different platforms, issues and debates that could determine the number of voter’s turnout. These platforms and issue could be in form of given detailed report on what the political aspirants will do if elected. Others could be to develop campaign publicity and events around the country, utilization of publications to educate the generality about their campaign progress, plan tours where political aspirants will be required to speak and answer questions from the public. The progressive and populist campaign refers to direct effort by political parties to give a detail issue or account of what their respective candidate would solve if elected. The populist is an America phenomenon, which was developed to take the issue of the populace needs into consideration. The USA faces series of progressive and populist campaign, because most political aspirants get to office without fulfilling the various promises made during their political campaigns. This has contributed to the problem that could face the country in terms of political elections in future. The aggressive and populist campaign has some resemblance of today’s campaign process. In some ways, the country is trying to address this issue in different forms. The just concluded presidential election is a very good example of this issue. During the campaign, the two parties involved developed several ways of attracting voters to their side. They used different means of election campaign to have a great chance of winning, but the government-devised strategies to address this issue. In conclusion, what determines the increased number of electorates’ turnout depends on the way political parties make use of various political campaign strategies. In essence, aggressive and populist campaign strategy is just a necessary condition and not a sufficient condition for increasing the number of voters’ turnout during election. Reference: Rutenberg J. , Nagourney A. , (2008). An Adviser Molds a Tighter, More Aggressive McCain Campaign. The New York Times, Politics. http://www. nytimes. com/2008/09/07/us/politics/07schmidt. html? _r=1

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Differences in the Education Quality That Students Receive Due to Techn

Differences in the Education Quality That Students Receive Due to Technology: Wealthy Private Schools vs. Inner City Schools Technology in schools is becoming increasingly more important. Computers in the classroom have become not only a learning aid, but also a necessity for the educational process. However, computers, Internet access, televisions, and other such technological advancements cost money, a lot of money. President's Panel on Educational Technology recommends that the government spend anywhere from six to twenty-eight billion dollars each year on an ambitious program of computer infrastructure development (both hardware and software), teacher training, and research (Johnson, 2000). In spite of the necessity of technology in schools, many children are being deprived of this basic need. Most of the children that aren’t getting these advances are children who live in inner city areas. The budget for inner city schools is drastically lower than the budget than a suburban school or private institution. This affects the way students learn and eventually the way the enter today’s work force. Technology in schools has advanced tremendous amounts in an incredibly short time span. Just a little over a decade ago, schools were just jumping on new â€Å"computer in the classroom† bandwagon. So-called ‘good’ schools would have anywhere from one to twenty computers, only some with Internet access. Now, as we enter the turn of the twenty-first century, it would be difficult to find a school without a computer with Internet access in every classroom. Between September 1984 and September 1997 alone, the number of computers in America's K-12 schools increased eleven fold to more than 8 million units The use of computers h... ...learning; opportunties for change. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum. Golba, A. (n.d.). How does education in urban schools compare to suburban schools?. Retrieved Apr. 11, 2005, from http://www.iusb.edu/~journal/1998/Paper5.html. Johnson, Kirk A. Do Computers in the Classroom Boost Academic Achievement? 14 June 2000. Heritage Foundation. 5 May 2004 . Wulf, S. (1997). What makes a good school teach our children well?. , , 62-93. Hartland, F. (n.d.). Retrieved Apr. 11, 2005, from http://www.isoc.org/inet96/proceedings/c2/c2_1.html. Stevenson, H. J. (2004). Teachers informal collabortaion regarding technology. Journal of Research or Technology in Education, 37(2), 129. Peterson, C. L. (2004). Online compared to face to face teacher preparation for learning standards based planning skills. , 36(4), 345.